Resumen
Comprender cómo varían los entornos acústicos entre hábitats es esencial para interpretar la comunicación de las aves en paisajes en rápida evolución. En este estudio ecoacústico exploratorio, examinamos patrones a corto plazo de la actividad acústica de las aves y los niveles de ruido de fondo en tres hábitats adyacentes del Parque Omora, en el sur de Chile: bosque primario, bosque ripario y la entrada de un sendero recreativo. Utilizando 67 grabaciones de un minuto recopiladas en un solo día de muestreo, cuantificamos el número de vocalizaciones aviares, sonidos no aviares e índices acústicos básicos (amplitud máxima, RMS y porcentaje de silencio). El bosque primario exhibió la mayor actividad acústica, con aproximadamente el doble de vocalizaciones por minuto que el sitio ripario y la entrada del sendero. Los niveles de ruido no aviar fueron similares en todos los hábitats, aunque la entrada del sendero mostró picos ocasionales de alta amplitud y el sitio ripario presentó ruido geofónico continuo proveniente del río. Una correlación negativa entre los sonidos no aviares y las vocalizaciones aviares sugiere posibles procesos de enmascaramiento, aunque el alcance temporal limitado del estudio impide la inferencia causal. Nuestros hallazgos resaltan las diferencias de hábitat a pequeña escala que configuran el paisaje sonoro subantártico y subrayan el potencial del monitoreo ecoacústico para la conservación en áreas remotas. Analizamos las limitaciones metodológicas (corta duración del muestreo y falta de mediciones calibradas de la presión sonora) y proponemos líneas de investigación para fortalecer las futuras evaluaciones del ruido antropogénico y ambiental en ecosistemas de altas latitudes.
Citas
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