Palabras clave
compuestos antimicrobianos
Pseudomonas
bacteria rizosférica
Cómo citar
Resumen
La disminución sostenida de la disponibilidad de nuevas moléculas antimicrobianas para el uso terapéutico en las últimas décadas y el gran aumento de microorganismos resistentes a estos compuestos hace necesario buscar nuevas sustancias con propiedades antimicrobianas.
Los ambientes extremos, donde hay poca disponibilidad de nutrientes, son escenarios propicios para buscar este tipo de compuestos, ya que las bacterias compiten entre sí y con otros organismos por posicionarse en el nicho ecológico y secretan, asociado a su metabolismo secundario, una serie de moléculas que inhiben o matan a otros microorganismos, evitando su multiplicación.
Nuestro grupo posee una colección de bacterias aisladas de la rizósfera de suelo del continente antártico, que logran crecer en condiciones de deprivación alimenticia y a 4 ºC. Debido al hábitat extremo donde se desarrollan, las bacterias de los suelos de la Antártica están en una constante competencia por lo recursos nutricionales, desarrollando distintas estrategias para colonizar su nicho ecológico y competir con otros microorganismos de la microbiota Antártica. En base a lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo consistió en identificar bacterias aisladas de la rizosfera de Deschampsia antarctica Desv capaces de inhibir no solo el crecimiento de microorganismos de su entorno, sino que también de bacterias y hongos patógenos para humanos.
A partir de una colección de 55 aislados de la rizósfera de la planta D. antarctica Desv. se identificó 11 aislados con capacidad de matar o inhibir bacterias patógenas humanas pero ningún aislado inhibió el crecimiento del hongo Candida albicans. Los resultados mostraron que las 11 bacterias antárticas con actividad antibacteriana corresponden a bacilos aerobios estrictos, Gram negativo, con características de pertenecer al género Pseudomonas.
Citas
Asencio, G., Lavín, P., Alegría, K., Domínguez, M., Bello, H., González-Rocha, G. & González-Aravena, M. (2014). Antibacterial activity of the Antarctic bacterium Janthinobacterium sp. SMN 33.6 against multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 17(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2013.12.001
Barrientos-Díaz, L., Gidekel, M. & Gutiérrez-Moraga, A. (2008). Characterization of rhizospheric bacteria isolated from Deschampsia antarctica Desv. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24, 2289-2296. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11274-008-9743-1
Bartholomew, J. W. & Mittwer, T. (1952). The Gram stain. Bacteriological Reviews, 16(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1128/ br.16.1.1-29.1952
Bentley, S., Chater, K., Cerdeno-Tarraga, A.M., Challis, G., Thomson, N., James, K., Harris, D., Quail, M., Kieser, H., Harper, D., Bateman, A., Brown, S., Chandra, G., Chen, C., Collins, M., Cronin, A., Fraser, A., Goble, A., Hidalgo, J., Hornsby, T., Howarth, S., et al. (2002). Complete genome sequence of the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolorA3(2). Nature, 417, 141-147.
Berríos, G., Cabrera, G., Gidekel, M. & Gutiérrez-Moraga, A. (2013). Characterization of a novel antarctic plant growth- promoting bacterial strain and its interaction with Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia antarctica Desv.). Polar Biology 36(3), 349-362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1264-6
Bratchkova, A. & Ivanova, V. (2011). Bioactive metabolites produced by microorganisms collected in Antarctica and the Arctic. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment 25(SUPPL. 4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.5504/bbeq.2011.0116
Cong, B., Yin, X., Deng, A., Shen, J., Tian, Y., Wang, S. & Yang, H. (2020). Diversity of cultivable microbes from soil of the Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica, and their potential application. Frontiers in Microbiology 11:570836. https://doi. org/ 10.3389/fmicb.2020.570836
Corsini, G., Karahanian, E., Tello, M., Fernández, K., Rivero, D., Saavedra, J. M. & Ferrer, A. (2010). Purification and characterization of the antimicrobial peptide microcin N: Properties of the antimicrobial peptide microcin N. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 312(2), 119-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02106.x
Gomila, M., Peña, A., Mulet, M., Lalucat, J. & García-Valdés, E. (2015). Phylogenomics and systematics in Pseudomonas.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 6, 214. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00214
Kållberg, C., Årdal, C., Salvesen Blix, H., Klein, E., Martínez E, Lindbæk, M., Outterson, K., Røttingen J. & Laxminarayan,
R. (2018). Introduction and geographic availability of new antibiotics approved between 1999 and 2014. PLoS ONE, 13(10), e0205166. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205166
Kaltenpoth, M., Göttler, W., Herzner, G. & Strohm, E. (2005). Symbiotic bacteria protect wasp larvae from fungal infestation. Current Biology, 15, 475-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.084
Lam, K.S. (2006). Discovery of novel metabolites from marine actinomycetes. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 9, 245-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2006.03.004
Lee, L.H., Cheah, Y.K., Mohd-Sidik, S., Ab-Mutalib N.S., Tang, Y.L., Lin, H.P. & Hong, K. (2012). Molecular characterization of Antarctic actinobacteria and screening for antimicrobial metabolite production. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 28(5), 2125-2137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-012-1018-1.
Livermore, D. M. (2004). The need for new antibiotics. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 10, 1-9. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1465-0691.2004.1004.x.
Manivasagan, P., Venkatesan, J., Sivakumar, K. & Kim, S.K. (2014). Pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites of marine actinobacteria. Microbiology Research, 169(4), 262-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2013.07.014
Nichols, D.S., Sanderson, K., Buia, A., Van de Kamp, J., Holloway, J., Bowman, J.P., Smith, M., Mancuso, N.C., Nichols, P.D. & McMeekin, T.A. (2002). Bioprospecting and biotechnology in Antarctica. In: J. Jabour-Green y M. Haward (Eds.), The Antarctic: past, present and future (pp. 85-103). Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, Research Report #28, Hobart.
Núñez-Montero, K., & Barrientos, L. (2018). Advances in Antarctic research for antimicrobial discovery: A comprehensive narrative review of bacteria from Antarctic environments as potential sources of novel antibiotic compounds against human pathogens and microorganisms of industrial importance. Antibiotics, 7(4). https://doi. org/10.3390/antibiotics7040090
Núñez-Montero, K., Lamilla, C., Abanto, M., Maruyama, F., Jorquera, M. A., Santos, A., Martínez-Urtaza, J. & Barrientos,
L. (2019). Antarctic Streptomyces fildesensis So13.3 strain as a promising source for antimicrobials discovery.
Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43960-7
Okami, Y. & Hotta, K. (1988). Search and discovery of new antibiotics: Good fellow. In: M. Williams y S.T.M. Mordarski (Eds), Actinomycetes in Biotechnology (p. 336). Academic Press Inc.
Orellana, P., Pavón, A., Céspedes, S., Salazar, L., Gutiérrez, A., Castillo, D. & Corsini, G. (2017). Draft genome sequence of Chilean Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. strain K2I15. Genome Announcements, 5(33): e00771-17. https://doi. org/10.1128/genomeA.00771-17
Payne, D.I., Gwynn, M.N., Holmes, D.J. & Pompliano, D.L. (2007). Drugs for bad bugs: confronting the challenges of antibacterial discovery. Nature Review in Drug Discovery, 6, 29-40. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd2201
Poblete-Morales, M., Rabert, C., Olea, A. F., Carrasco, H., Calderón, R., Corsini, G. & Silva-Moreno, E. (2020). Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas sp. strain AN3A02, isolated from Rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica Desv., with antagonism against Botrytis cinerea. Microbiology Resource Announcement, 9(21): e00320-20. https:// doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00320-20
Poulsen, M., Oh, D.C., Clardy, J. & Currie, C.R. (2011). Chemical analyses of wasp-associated Streptomyces bacteria reveal a prolific potential for natural products discovery. PLoS ONE, 6: e16763. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0016763
Talbot, G.H., Bradley, J., Edwards, J.E., Gilbert, D., Scheld, M. & Bartlett, J.G. (2006). Bad bugs need drugs an update on the development pipeline from the antimicrobial avail-ability task force of the infectious diseases society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis., 42, 657-668. https://doi.org/10.1086/499819
Tindall, B.J. (2004). Prokaryotic diversity in the Antarctic: the tip of the iceberg. Microbial Ecology, 47, 271-283. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s00248-003-1050-7
Tomova, I., Stoilova-Disheva, M., Lazarkevich, I., & Vasileva-Tonkova, E. (2015). Antimicrobial activity and resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from sediment and soil samples collected from two Antarctic islands. Frontiers in Life Science, 8(4), 348-357. https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1044130
Van Trappen, S., Mergaert, J., Van Eygen, S., Dawyndt, P., Cnockaert, M.C. & Swings, J. (2002). Diversity of 746 heterotrophic bacteria isolated from microbial mats from ten antarctic lakes. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 25(4), 603-610. https://doi.org/10.1078/07232020260517742
Wiedmann, M., Weilmeier, D., Dineen, S. S., Ralyea, R., & Boor, K. J. (2000). Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from milk. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(5), 2085-2095. https:// doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.5.2085-2095.2000
Woese, C.R., Kandler, O. & Wheelis, M.L. (1990). Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria and Eucarya. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 4576-4579. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576
Zhu, Y.-G., Zhao, Y., Zhu, D., Gillings, M., Penuelas, J., Ok, Y. S., Capon, A. & Banwart, S. (2019). Soil biota, antimicrobial resistance and planetary health. Environment International, 131, 105059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105059
Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.